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最新《職業(yè)病防治法》——解讀
Interpretation of the latest Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases
《中華人民共和國(guó)職業(yè)病防治法》自2001年頒布以來(lái)，2011年12月31日第一次修訂，時(shí)隔五年于2016年7月2日通過(guò)了第二次修訂并予以公布，且自公布之日起施行。現(xiàn)就其主要變化，解讀如下：(EHS.CN)
Since its issuance in 2001, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases was first amended on December 31, 2011. Five years later, the second amendments was adopted on July 2, 2016, and issued, which shall come in force on the day of issuance. Hereby the interpretation of primary amendments is as follows.
一、職業(yè)病危害預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)還是少不了!
Firstly, the preliminary evaluation on occupational disease hazards is still essential.
EHS.CN注(Note by EHS.CN)：
通過(guò)對(duì)比會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其他建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，只需預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)，無(wú)需向安監(jiān)部門(mén)提交預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)報(bào)告，無(wú)需安監(jiān)部門(mén)的審核決定，相當(dāng)于是取消了建設(shè)項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)報(bào)建的一個(gè)前置環(huán)節(jié)。但實(shí)實(shí)在在該做的事情并沒(méi)有減少，職業(yè)病危害預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)還是必須要做。醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，則有所不同，EHS朋友需特別小心。
Through comparison, it can be seen that only a preliminary evaluation is needed for construction projects rather than submitting the preliminary evaluation report to or receiving a verifying decision from the work safety administrative department, which means a precondition of the approval for the construction project has been cancelled. However, the thing needed to be done is still there for the preliminary evaluation on occupational disease hazards is still essential. There are some differences for the constructions projects of medical institutions, so our EHS friends need to be particularly careful.
二、職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施、職業(yè)病危害控制效果評(píng)價(jià)
Secondly, it is about the protective facilities against occupational diseases and the evaluation of effects of occupational disease hazard control
EHS.CN注(Note by EHS.CN)：
對(duì)可能產(chǎn)生放射性職業(yè)病危害的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目：職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)、職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施的驗(yàn)收等均需得到衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)的許可。而對(duì)于其他建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)、驗(yàn)收等仍需要做，該過(guò)程由建設(shè)單位自己負(fù)責(zé)并把關(guān)，安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)收和監(jiān)督核查。
For the construction project of medical institutions that may cause radioactive occupational disease hazards: both the design and the acceptance check of the protective facilities against occupational diseases shall be approved by the health administrative department. Nevertheless, for other construction projects, both the design and the acceptance check of the protective facilities are still essential, and this shall be charged by the construction employer itself, while the work safety administrative department is responsible for the acceptance check, the supervision and verification.
三、職業(yè)病危害控制效果評(píng)價(jià)是否需要資質(zhì)?
Thirdly, whether the qualification is needed for the evaluation of effects of occupational disease hazard control?
原第十九條：職業(yè)病危害預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)、職業(yè)病危害控制效果評(píng)價(jià)由依法設(shè)立的取得國(guó)務(wù)院安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)或者設(shè)區(qū)的市級(jí)以上地方人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)按照職責(zé)分工給予資質(zhì)認(rèn)可的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生技術(shù)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行。職業(yè)衛(wèi)生技術(shù)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)所作評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)當(dāng)客觀、真實(shí)。(刪除)
The original Article 19：The preliminary evaluation of occupational disease hazards and the evaluation of effects of occupational disease hazard control shall be conducted by the legally established occupational health technical service institutions accredited by the work safety administrative department of the State Council or the work safety administrative department of the local people's government at or above the level of a districted city according to its functions. The occupational health technical service institutions shall provide objective and authentic evaluations. (Deleted).
EHS.CN注(Note by EHS.CN)：
在本次修訂之前，職業(yè)病危害預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)、職業(yè)病危害控制效果評(píng)價(jià)均需要有資質(zhì)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生技術(shù)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)方可進(jìn)行。那么，以后如何，是否可由企業(yè)自主進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，還是怎樣?請(qǐng)大家務(wù)必保持關(guān)注。
Before this amendment, the preliminary evaluation on occupational disease hazards and the evaluation of effects of occupational disease hazard control shall be conducted by qualified occupational health technical service institutions. Then, what will happen afterwards? Whether the enterprises can carry out the evaluation autonomously? Everyone shall keep closed attention to it.
四、職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施三同時(shí)
Fourthly, “three simultaneousness” for the protective facilities against occupational diseases
原第七十條：建設(shè)單位違反本法規(guī)定，有下列行為之一的，由安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)給予警告……
The original Article 70: Where a construction employer has committed any of the following conduct in violation of the provisions of this Law, the work safety administrative department shall issue a warning to it……
(三)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施未按照規(guī)定與主體工程同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)、同時(shí)施工、同時(shí)投入生產(chǎn)和使用的;
iii. failing to design the occupational disease protective facilities of a construction project, construct them and put to use them for production and other business operations at the same time as the main body of the project
(修改前：建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施未按照規(guī)定與主體工程同時(shí)投入生產(chǎn)和使用的;)
(before amended: failing to put to use the occupational disease protective facilities of a construction project for production and other business operations at the same time as the main body of the project)
(四)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)不符合國(guó)家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和衛(wèi)生要求，或者醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)放射性職業(yè)病危害嚴(yán)重的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)未經(jīng)衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)審查同意擅自施工的;
iv. the design of the occupational disease protective facilities of a construction project fails to meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements, or for a construction project of medical institutions with serious radioactive occupational disease hazards, the construction commences arbitrarily without obtaining the health administrative department’s examination and approval of the design of protective facilities.
(修改前：職業(yè)病危害嚴(yán)重的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，其職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)未經(jīng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)審查，或者不符合國(guó)家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和衛(wèi)生要求施工的;)
(before amended: commencing construction of a construction project with serious occupational disease hazards whose design for occupational disease protective facilities has not been examined by the work safety administrative department or fails to meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements;)
(五)未按照規(guī)定對(duì)職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施進(jìn)行職業(yè)病危害控制效果評(píng)價(jià)的。
v. failing to conduct the evaluation of the control effects of occupational disease hazards for the protective facilities against occupational disease according to the relevant provisions.
(修改前：未按照規(guī)定對(duì)職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施進(jìn)行職業(yè)病危害控制效果評(píng)價(jià)、未經(jīng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)驗(yàn)收或者驗(yàn)收不合格，擅自投入使用的。)
(before amended: putting to use the occupational disease protective facilities without conducting an evaluation of the control effects of occupational disease hazards according to the relevant provisions or without undergoing or passing the acceptance check conducted by the work safety administrative department.)
(六)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目竣工投入生產(chǎn)和使用前，職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施未按照規(guī)定驗(yàn)收合格的。(新增)
vi. before the completion acceptance check and the putting into production and use of the construction project, the protective facilities against occupational disease fail to go through the acceptance check according to relevant provisions. (newly added)
EHS.CN小結(jié)(Conclusion by EHS.CN)：
《職業(yè)病防治法》，11年首次修訂，16年再次修訂。此次修訂兩個(gè)最為突出的變化為
1)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目分類。分為一般建設(shè)項(xiàng)目、可能產(chǎn)生放射性職業(yè)病危害的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目?jī)纱箢悺?
2)行政審批下放或取消，分別對(duì)待。對(duì)于一般類建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)報(bào)告的審批審核、職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)的審查、竣工驗(yàn)收等都由安監(jiān)部門(mén)下放給企業(yè)自身?？此剖撬闪耍髽I(yè)的要做的事情一件沒(méi)少，企業(yè)的主體責(zé)任被進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化。
The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases was amended 11 years after its issuance, and was amended again 16 years after that. There are two remarkable changes in this revision. The first one is the classification of the construction projects. It divides into two categories, including general construction projects and construction projects of medical institutions that may cause radioactive occupational disease hazards. The second one is the decentralization or cancellation of the administrative examination and approval, treating different projects differently. For general construction projects, the examination and approval of the preliminary evaluation report, the examination of the design of protective facilities against occupational diseases and the completion acceptance check have been transferred to the enterprises themselves from the work safety administrative department. It seems that the regulations are more loosened, but the work that enterprises need to do are still essential, and enterprises’ subjective responsibilities are further strengthened.
對(duì)于醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)有放射性危害的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，其審批審核權(quán)則交回衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)，預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)、防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)、竣工驗(yàn)收等等，都需要衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)通過(guò)，方可。
對(duì)于企業(yè)進(jìn)行中的或即將進(jìn)行的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，各位EHS朋友一定要保持高度關(guān)注。
For medical institutions’ construction projects with radioactive hazards, the rights to examine and approval have been transferred to the health administrative department, and the preliminary evaluation, the examination of the design of protective facilities and the completion acceptance check shall pass the examination carried out by the health administrative department.
Our EHS friends shall pay great attention to the constructing projects or projects about to being constructed.
